• Article  

      Emergence of drug-resistant HIV-1 variants in patients undergoing structured treatment interruptions 

      Schweighardt, B.; Ortiz, G. M.; Grant, R. M.; Wellons, M.; Miralles, G. D.; Kostrikis, Leontios G.; Bartlett, J. A.; Nixon, D. F. (2002)
      We report the emergence of drug-resistant viral mutations in chronically HIV-infected individuals undergoing structured treatment interruptions (STI). The protease mutation M46L and the reverse transcriptase mutations K101E ...
    • Article  

      Emergence of Minor Populations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Carrying the M184V and L90M Mutations in Subjects Undergoing Structured Treatment Interruptions 

      Metzner, K. J.; Bonhoeffer, S.; Fischer, M.; Karanicolas, R.; Allers, K.; Joos, B.; Weber, R.; Hirschel, B.; Kostrikis, Leontios G.; Günthard, H. F. (2003)
      The use of structured treatment interruption (STI) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected subjects is currently being studied as an alternative therapeutic strategy for HIV-1. The potential risk for selection of ...
    • Article  

      Measuring recent thymic emigrants in blood of normal and HIV-1-infected individuals before and after effective therapy 

      Zhang, L.; Lewin, S. R.; Markowitz, M.; Lin, L. -H; Skulsky, E.; Karanicolas, R.; Yuxian, H.; Xia, J.; Tuttleton, S.; Vesanen, M.; Spiegel, H.; Kost, R.; Van Lunzen, J.; Stellbrink, H. -J; Wolinsky, S.; Borkowsky, W.; Palumbo, P.; Kostrikis, Leontios G.; Ho, David D. (1999)
      The role of the thymus in HIV-1 pathogenesis remains unclear. We developed an assay to quantify the number of recent thymic emigrants in blood based on the detection of a major excisional DNA byproduct (termed α1 circle) ...
    • Article  

      Persistence of episomal HIV-1 infection intermediates in patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy 

      Sharkey, M. E.; Teo, I.; Greenough, T.; Sharova, N.; Luzuriaga, K.; Sullivan, J. L.; Bucy, R. P.; Kostrikis, Leontios G.; Haase, A.; Veryard, C.; Davaro, R. E.; Cheeseman, S. H.; Daly, J. S.; Bova, C.; Ellison III, R. T.; Mady, B.; Lai, K. K.; Moyle, G.; Nelson, M.; Gazzard, B.; Shaunak, S.; Stevenson, M. (2000)
      Treatment of HIV-1-infected individuals with a combination of anti- retroviral agents results in sustained suppression of HIV-1 replication, as evidenced by a reduction in plasma viral RNA to levels below the limit of ...
    • Article  

      Transmission of HIV drug resistance and the predicted effect on current first-line regimens in Europe 

      Moutschen, M.; Hofstra, Laura Marije Arije; Sauvageot, Nicolas; Albert, Jan; Alexiev, Ivailo; Garcia, F.; Struck, D.; Van De Vijver, D. A. M. C.; Åsjö, Birgitta; Beshkov, Danail; Coughlan, S.; Descamps, D.; Griskevicius, A.; Hamouda, O.; Horban, A.; Van Kasteren, M.; Kolupajeva, T.; Kostrikis, Leontios G.; Liitsola, K.; Linka, M.; Mor, O.; Nielsen, C.; Otelea, D.; Paraskevis, Dimitrios N.; Paredes, R.; Poljak, M.; Puchhammer-Stöckl, E.; Sönnerborg, A.; Staneková, D.; Stanojevic, M.; Van Laethem, K.; Zazzi, M.; Lepej, S. Z.; Boucher, C. A. B.; Schmit, J. -C; Wensing, A. M. J.; Puchhammer-Stockl, E.; Sarcletti, M.; Schmied, B.; Geit, M.; Balluch, G.; Vandamme, A. M.; Vercauteren, J.; Derdelinckx, I.; Sasse, A.; Bogaert, M.; Ceunen, H.; De Roo, A.; De Wit, S.; Echahidi, F.; Fransen, K.; Goffard, J. -C; Goubau, P.; Goudeseune, E.; Yombi, J. -C; Lacor, P.; Liesnard, C.; Pierard, D.; Rens, R.; Schrooten, Y.; Vaira, D.; Vandekerckhove, L. P. R.; Van Den Heuvel, A.; Van Der Gucht, B.; Van Ranst, M.; Van Wijngaerden, E.; Vandercam, B.; Vekemans, M.; Verhofstede, C.; Clumeck, N.; Van Laethem, K.; Beshkov, Danail; Alexiev, Ivailo; Lepej, S. Z.; Begovac, J.; Kostrikis, Leontios G.; Demetriades, Ioannis; Kousiappa, Ioanna; Demetriou, Victoria L.; Hezka, Johana; Linka, M.; Maly, M.; Machala, L.; Nielsen, C.; Jørgensen, L. B.; Gerstoft, J.; Mathiesen, L.; Pedersen, C.; Nielsen, H.; Laursen, A.; Kvinesdal, B.; Liitsola, K.; Ristola, M.; Suni, J.; Sutinen, J.; Descamps, D.; Assoumou, L.; Castor, G.; Grude, M.; Flandre, P.; Storto, A.; Hamouda, O.; Kücherer, C.; Berg, T.; Braun, P.; Poggensee, G.; Däumer, M.; Eberle, J.; Heiken, H.; Kaiser, R.; Knechten, H.; Korn, K.; Müller, H.; Neifer, S.; Schmidt, B.; Walter, H.; Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer, B.; Harrer, T.; Paraskevis, Dimitrios N.; Hatzakis, Angelos E.; Zavitsanou, Assimina; Vassilakis, A.; Lazanas, Marios C.; Chini, Maria C.; Lioni, A.; Sakka, V.; Kourkounti, Sofia; Paparizos, Vassilios A.; Antoniadou, Anastasia C.; Papadopoulos, Antonios I.; Poulakou, Garyphallia G.; Katsarolis, I.; Protopapas, K.; Chryssos, Georgios; Drimis, Stylianos; Gargalianos, Panagiotis; Xylomenos, Georgios; Lourida, G.; Psichogiou, Mina A.; Daikos, George L.; Sipsas, N. V.; Kontos, Athanasios N.; Gamaletsou, M. N.; Koratzanis, Georgios; Sambatakou, E.; Mariolis, H.; Skoutelis, A.; Papastamopoulos, V.; Georgiou, O.; Panagopoulos, Periklis; Maltezos, E.; Coughlan, S.; De Gascun, C.; Byrne, C.; Duffy, M.; Bergin, C.; Reidy, D.; Farrell, G.; Lambert, J.; O'Connor, E.; Rochford, A.; Low, J.; Coakely, P.; O'Dea, S.; Hall, W.; Mor, O.; Levi, I.; Chemtob, D.; Grossman, Z.; Zazzi, M.; De Luca, A.; Balotta, Claudia; Riva, C.; Mussini, C.; Caramma, I.; Capetti, A.; Colombo, M. C.; Rossi, C.; Prati, F.; Tramuto, F.; Vitale, F.; Ciccozzi, M.; Angarano, G.; Rezza, G.; Kolupajeva, T.; Kolupajeva, T.; Vasins, O.; Griskevicius, A.; Lipnickiene, V.; Schmit, J. C.; Struck, D.; Sauvageot, Nicolas; Hemmer, R.; Arendt, V.; Michaux, C.; Staub, T.; Sequin-Devaux, C.; Wensing, A. M. J.; Boucher, C. A. B.; Van Kessel, A.; Van Bentum, P. H. M.; Brinkman, K.; Connell, B. J.; Van Der Ende, M. E.; Hoepelman, I. M.; Van Kasteren, M.; Kuipers, M.; Langebeek, N.; Richter, C.; Santegoets, R. M. W. J.; Schrijnders-Gudde, L.; Schuurman, R.; Van De Ven, B. J. M.; Åsjö, Birgitta; Kran, A. -M B.; Ormaasen, V.; Aavitsland, P.; Horban, A.; Stanczak, J. J.; Stanczak, G. P.; Firlag-Burkacka, E.; Wiercinska-Drapalo, A.; Jablonowska, E.; Maolepsza, E.; Leszczyszyn-Pynka, M.; Szata, W.; Camacho, Ricardo J.; Palma, C.; Borges, F.; Paixão, T.; Duque, V.; Araújo, F.; Otelea, D.; Paraschiv, S.; Tudor, A. M.; Cernat, R.; Chiriac, C.; Dumitrescu, F.; Prisecariu, L. J.; Jevtovic, Dj; Salemovic, D.; Stanekova, D.; Habekova, M.; Chabadová, Z.; Drobkova, T.; Bukovinova, P.; Shunnar, A.; Truska, P.; Poljak, M.; Lunar, M.; Babic, Dunja Z.; Tomazic, J.; Vidmar, L.; Vovko, T.; Karner, P.; Garcia, F.; Paredes, R.; Monge, S.; Moreno, S.; Del Amo, J.; Asensi, V.; Sirvent, J. L.; De Mendoza, C.; Delgado, R.; Gutiérrez, F.; Berenguer, J.; Garcia-Bujalance, S.; Stella, Natalia C.; Blanco, J. R.; Dalmau, D.; Rivero, M.; Segura, F.; Elıás, Marıá Jesús Pérez; Alvarez, M.; Chueca, N.; Rodríguez-Martín, C.; Vidal, C.; Palomares, J. C.; Viciana, I.; Viciana, P.; Cordoba, J.; Aguilera, A.; Domingo, P.; Galindo, M. J.; Miralles, C.; Del Pozo, M. A.; Ribera, E.; Iribarren, J. A.; Ruiz, L.; De La Torre, J.; Vidal, F.; Clotet, B.; Albert, Jan; Heidarian, A.; Aperia-Peipke, K.; Axelsson, M.; Mild, M.; Karlsson, A.; Sönnerborg, A.; Thalme, A.; Navér, L.; Bratt, G.; Karlsson, A.; Blaxhult, A.; Gisslén, M.; Svennerholm, B.; Bergbrant, I.; Björkman, Per; Säll, C.; Mellgren, Å.; Lindholm, A.; Kuylenstierna, N.; Montelius, R.; Azimi, F.; Johansson, B.; Carlsson, M.; Johansson, E.; Ljungberg, B.; Ekvall, H.; Strand, A.; Mäkitalo, S.; Öberg, S.; Holmblad, P.; Höfer, M.; Holmberg, H.; Josefson, P.; Ryding, U.; De Los Santos, I. (2016)
      Background. Numerous studies have shown that baseline drug resistance patterns may influence the outcome of antiretroviral therapy. Therefore, guidelines recommend drug resistance testing to guide the choice of initial ...
    • Article  

      Use of real-time PCR and molecular beacons to detect virus replication in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals on prolonged effective antiretroviral therapy 

      Lewin, S. R.; Vesanen, M.; Kostrikis, Leontios G.; Hurley, A.; Duran, M.; Zhang, L.; Ho, David D.; Markowitz, M.; Gibson, U. E.; Heid, C. A. (1999)
      We have designed a novel, precise, and sensitive assay to measure unspliced (US) human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HIV-1-infected individuals by using real-time PCR ...