Browsing by Author "Baron-Cohen,Simon"

Now showing items 1-20 of 39

    • Article  

      Atypical neural self-representation in autism 

      Lombardo,Michael V.; Chakrabarti,B.; Bullmore,Edward T.; Sadek,Susan A.; Pasco, Greg; Wheelwright,Sally J.; Suckling,John; Baron-Cohen,Simon (2010)
      The 'self' is a complex multidimensional construct deeply embedded and in many ways defined by our relations with the social world. Individuals with autism are impaired in both self-referential and other-referential social ...
    • Article  

      Autism 

      Lai,Meng-Chuan; Lombardo,Michael V.; Baron-Cohen,Simon (2014)
      Autism is a set of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions, characterised by early-onset difficulties in social communication and unusually restricted, repetitive behaviour and interests. The worldwide population ...
    • Article  

      A behavioral comparison of male and female adults with high functioning autism spectrum conditions 

      Lai,Meng-Chuan; Lombardo,Michael V.; Pasco, Greg; Ruigrok,Amber N. V.; Wheelwright,Sally J.; Sadek,Susan A.; Chakrabarti,B.; Baron-Cohen,Simon (2011)
      Autism spectrum conditions (ASC) affect more males than females in the general population. However, within ASC it is unclear if there are phenotypic sex differences. Testing for similarities and differences between the ...
    • Article  

      Biological sex affects the neurobiology of autism 

      Lai,Meng-Chuan; Lombardo,Michael V.; Suckling,John; Ruigrok,Amber N. V.; Chakrabarti,B.; Ecker,C.; Deoni,Sean C. L.; Craig, Michael C.; Murphy,Declan G. M.; Bullmore,Edward T.; Baron-Cohen,Simon (2013)
      In autism, heterogeneity is the rule rather than the exception. One obvious source of heterogeneity is biological sex. Since autism was first recognized, males with autism have disproportionately skewed research. Females ...
    • Article  

      Brain anatomy and its relationship to behavior in adults with autism spectrum disorder: A multicenter magnetic resonance imaging study 

      Ecker,C.; Suckling,John; Deoni,Sean C. L.; Lombardo,Michael V.; Bullmore,Edward T.; Baron-Cohen,Simon; Catani, Marco; Jezzard, Peter; Barnes, Anna; Bailey, Anthony J.; Williams,Steven C. R.; Murphy,Declan G. M. (2012)
      Context: There is consensus that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is accompanied by differences in neuroanatomy. However, the neural substrates of ASD during adulthood, as well as how these relate to behavioral variation, ...
    • Article  

      Brain and behavioral correlates of action semantic deficits in autism 

      Moseley, Rachel L.; Mohr, Bettina; Lombardo,Michael V.; Baron-Cohen,Simon; Hauk, Olaf; Pulvermueller, Friedemann (2013)
      Action-perception circuits containing neurons in the motor system have been proposed as the building blocks of higher cognition; accordingly, motor dysfunction should entail cognitive deficits. Autism spectrum conditions ...
    • Article  

      Brain routes for reading in adults with and without autism: EMEG evidence 

      Moseley, Rachel L.; Pulvermueller, Friedemann; Mohr, Bettina; Lombardo,Michael V.; Baron-Cohen,Simon; Shtyrov, Yury (2014)
      Reading utilises at least two neural pathways. The temporal lexical route visually maps whole words to their lexical entries, whilst the nonlexical route decodes words phonologically via parietal cortex. Readers typically ...
    • Article  

      Brain surface anatomy in adults with autism: The relationship between surface area, cortical thickness, and autistic symptoms 

      Ecker,C.; Ginestet, Cedric E.; Feng, Yue; Johnston,Patrick; Lombardo,Michael V.; Lai,Meng-Chuan; Suckling,John; Palaniyappan, Lena; Daly,Eileen M.; Murphy,Clodagh M.; Williams,Steven C. R.; Bullmore,Edward T.; Baron-Cohen,Simon; Brammer, Michael; Murphy,Declan G. M. (2013)
      Context: Neuroimaging studies of brain anatomy in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have mostly been based on measures of cortical volume (CV). However, CV is a product of 2 distinct parameters, cortical thickness (CT) and ...
    • Article  

      Cognition in Males and Females with Autism: Similarities and Differences 

      Lai,Meng-Chuan; Lombardo,Michael V.; Ruigrok,Amber N. V.; Chakrabarti,B.; Wheelwright,Sally J.; Auyeung, Bonnie; Allison, Carrie; Bailey, Anthony J.; Baron-Cohen,Simon; Bolton, P. F.; Bullmore,Edward T.; Carrington, S.; Catani, Marco; Craig, Michael C.; Daly,Eileen M.; Deoni,Sean C. L.; Ecker,C.; Happé,Francesca; Henty, Julian; Jezzard, Peter; Johnston,Patrick; Jones, D. K.; Madden, A.; Mullins, D.; Murphy,Clodagh M.; Murphy,Declan G. M.; Pasco, Greg; Sadek,Susan A.; Spain,D.; Stewart, R.; Suckling,John; Williams,Steven C. R.; Baron-Cohen,Simon (2012)
      The male bias in autism spectrum conditions (ASC) has led to females with ASC being under-researched. This lack of attention to females could hide variability due to sex that may explain some of the heterogeneity within ...
    • Article  

      The EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP): Clinical characterisation 

      Charman, T.; Loth, Eva; Tillmann, Julian; Crawley, Daisy; Wooldridge, C.; Goyard, David; Ahmad, Jumana; Auyeung, Bonnie; Ambrosino, Sara; Banaschewski, Tobias; Baron-Cohen,Simon; Baumeister, Sarah; Beckmann, Christian; Bölte, Sven; Bourgeron, Thomas; Bours, Carsten; Brammer, Michael; Brandeis, Daniel; Brogna, Claudia; De Bruijn, Y.; Chakrabarti,B.; Cornelissen, Ineke; Acqua, Flavio Dell; Dumas, G.; Durston, Sarah; Ecker,C.; Faulkner, J.; Frouin, Vincent; Garces, Pilar; Ham, Lindsay M.; Hayward, Hannah; Hipp, Joerg; Holt, R. J.; Isaksson, Johan; Johnson, Mark H.; Jones, Emily J. H.; Kundu, Prantik; Lai,Meng-Chuan; D'Ardhuy, X. L.; Lombardo,Michael V.; Lythgoe, David J.; Mandl, Rene; Mason, Luke; Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas; Moessnang, Carolin; Mueller, Nico; O'Dwyer, Laurence; Oldehinkel, Marianne; Oranje, Bob; Pandina, Gahan J.; Persico, Antonio M.; Ruggeri, B.; Ruigrok,Amber N. V.; Sabet, Jessica; Sacco, Roberto; Caceres, Antonia San Jose; Simonoff, Emily; Toro, Roberto; Tost, Heike; Waldman, Jack; Williams,Steven C. R.; Zwiers, Marcel P.; Spooren, Will; Murphy,Declan G. M.; Buitelaar, Jan K. (2017)
      Background: The EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP) is to date the largest multi-centre, multi-disciplinary observational study on biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The current paper describes ...
    • Article  

      Fetal programming effects of testosterone on the reward system and behavioral approach tendencies in humans 

      Lombardo,Michael V.; Ashwin, Emma; Auyeung, Bonnie; Chakrabarti,B.; Lai,Meng-Chuan; Taylor, Kevin; Hackett, Gerald; Bullmore,Edward T.; Baron-Cohen,Simon (2012)
      Background: Sex differences are present in many neuropsychiatric conditions that affect emotion and approach-avoidance behavior. One potential mechanism underlying such observations is testosterone in early development. ...
    • Article  

      Fetal testosterone influences sexually dimorphic gray matter in the human brain 

      Lombardo,Michael V.; Ashwin, Emma; Auyeung, Bonnie; Chakrabarti,B.; Taylor, Kevin; Hackett, Gerald; Bullmore,Edward T.; Baron-Cohen,Simon (2012)
      In nonhuman species, testosterone is known to have permanent organizing effects early in life that predict later expression of sex differences in brain and behavior. However, in humans, it is still unknown whether such ...
    • Article  

      Frontal networks in adults with autism spectrum disorder 

      Catani, Marco; Dell’Acqua, Flavio; Budisavljevic, Sanja; Howells, Henrietta; Schotten, Thiebaut De; Froudist-Walsh, Sean; D'Anna, Lucio; Thompson, A.; Sandrone, Stefano; Bullmore,Edward T.; Suckling,John; Baron-Cohen,Simon; Lombardo,Michael V.; Wheelwright,Sally J.; Chakrabarti,B.; Lai,Meng-Chuan; Ruigrok,Amber N. V.; Leemans, Alexander; Ecker,C.; Craig, Michael C.; Murphy,Declan G. M.; Bailey, Anthony J.; Bolton, P. F.; Carrington, S.; Daly,Eileen M.; Deoni,Sean C. L.; Happé,Francesca; Henty, Julian; Jezzard, Peter; Johnston,Patrick; Jones, D. K.; Madden, A.; Mullins, D.; Murphy,Clodagh M.; Murphy,Declan G. M.; Pasco, Greg; Ruigrok,Amber N. V.; Sadek,Susan A.; Spain,D.; Stewart, R.; Williams,Steven C. R. (2016)
      It has been postulated that autism spectrum disorder is underpinned by an 'atypical connectivity' involving higher-order association brain regions. To test this hypothesis in a large cohort of adults with autism spectrum ...
    • Article  

      Identification and validation of biomarkers for autism spectrum disorders 

      Loth, Eva; Spooren, Will; Ham, Lindsay M.; Isaac, Maria B.; Auriche-Benichou, Caroline; Banaschewski, Tobias; Baron-Cohen,Simon; Broich, Karl; Boelte, Sven; Bourgeron, Thomas; Charman, Tony; Collier, David; de Andres-Trelles, Fernando; Durston, Sarah; Ecker, Christine; Elferink, Andre; Haberkamp, Marion; Hemmings, Robert; Johnson, Mark H.; Jones, Emily J. H.; Khwaja, Omar S.; Lenton, Sabine; Mason, Luke; Mantua, Valentina; Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas; Lombardo,Michael V.; O'Dwyer, Laurence; Okamoto, Koichi; Pandina, Gahan J.; Pani, Luca; Persico, Antonio M.; Simonoff, Emily; Tauscher-Wisniewski, Sitra; Llinares-Garcia, Jordi; Vamvakas, Spiros; Williams,Steven C. R.; Buitelaar, Jan K.; Murphy,Declan G. M. (2016)
      Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, but effective medical treatments for the core symptoms of the disorder are still lacking. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical ...
    • Article  

      Imaging sex/gender and autism in the brain: Etiological implications 

      Lai,Meng-Chuan; Lerch, Jason P.; Floris, Dorothea L.; Ruigrok,Amber N. V.; Pohl, A.; Lombardo,Michael V.; Baron-Cohen,Simon (2017)
      The male preponderance in autism prevalence has brought together the disparate topics of sex/gender and autism research. Two directions of neuroimaging studies on the relationships between sex/gender and autism may inform ...
    • Article  

      Impaired Communication Between the Motor and Somatosensory Homunculus Is Associated With Poor Manual Dexterity in Autism Spectrum Disorder 

      Thompson, A.; Murphy,Clodagh M.; Dell’Acqua, Flavio; Ecker,C.; McAlonan, Grainne; Howells, Henrietta; Baron-Cohen,Simon; Lai,Meng-Chuan; Lombardo,Michael V. (2017)
      Background Fine motor skill impairments are common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), significantly affecting quality of life. Sensory inputs reaching the primary motor cortex (M1) from the somatosensory cortex (S1) are ...
    • Article  

      Improving effect size estimation and statistical power with multi-echo fMRI and its impact on understanding the neural systems supporting mentalizing 

      Lombardo,Michael V.; Auyeung, Bonnie; Holt, R. J.; Waldman, Jack; Ruigrok,Amber N. V.; Mooney, Natasha; Bullmore,Edward T.; Baron-Cohen,Simon; Kundu, Prantik (2016)
      Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research is routinely criticized for being statistically underpowered due to characteristically small sample sizes and much larger sample sizes are being increasingly recommended. ...
    • Article  

      Individual differences in brain structure underpin empathizing-systemizing cognitive styles in male adults 

      Lai,Meng-Chuan; Lombardo,Michael V.; Chakrabarti,B.; Ecker,C.; Sadek,Susan A.; Wheelwright,Sally J.; Murphy,Declan G. M.; Suckling,John; Bullmore,Edward T.; Baron-Cohen,Simon; Bailey, Anthony J.; Bolton, P. F.; Carrington, S.; Daly,Eileen M.; Deoni,Sean C. L.; Happé,Francesca; Henty, Julian; Jezzard, Peter; Johnston,Patrick; Jones, D. K.; Madden, A.; Mullins, D.; Murphy,Clodagh M.; Pasco, Greg; Ruigrok,Amber N. V.; Spain,D.; Stewart, R.; Williams,Steven C. R. (2012)
      Individual differences in cognitive style can be characterized along two dimensions: 'systemizing' (S, the drive to analyze or build 'rule-based' systems) and 'empathizing' (E, the drive to identify another's mental state ...
    • Article  

      Lost for emotion words: What motor and limbic brain activity reveals about autism and semantic theory 

      Moseley, Rachel L.; Shtyrov, Yury; Mohr, Bettina; Lombardo,Michael V.; Baron-Cohen,Simon; Pulvermueller, Friedemann (2015)
      Autism spectrum conditions (ASC) are characterised by deficits in understanding and expressing emotions and are frequently accompanied by alexithymia, a difficulty in understanding and expressing emotion words. Words are ...
    • Article  

      Neuroanatomy of individual differences in language in adult males with autism 

      Lai,Meng-Chuan; Lombardo,Michael V.; Ecker,C.; Chakrabarti,B.; Suckling,John; Bullmore,Edward T.; Happé,Francesca; Murphy,Declan G. M.; Baron-Cohen,Simon (2015)
      One potential source of heterogeneity within autism spectrum conditions (ASC) is language development and ability. In 80 high-functioning male adults with ASC, we tested if variations in developmental and current structural ...