• Doctoral Thesis  

      Using process data to measure and model students’ test-taking effort in large-scale low-stakes assessments 

      Ivanova, Militsa G. (Πανεπιστήμιο Κύπρου, Σχολή Κοινωνικών Επιστημών και Επιστημών Αγωγής / University of Cyprus, Faculty of Social Sciences and Education, 2024)
      Achievement tests aim for valid estimation of proficiency, but inadequate test-taking effort may introduce construct-irrelevant variance in low-stakes assessment scores. International programs, like the Programme for ...