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Browsing by Subject "enzyme activity"

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    • Article  

      Calpain2 protease: A new member of the Wnt/Ca2+ pathway modulating convergent extension movements in Xenopus 

      Zanardelli, Sara; Christodoulou, Neophytos; Skourides, Paris A. (2013)
      Calpains are a family of calcium-dependent intracellular cysteine proteases that regulate several physiological processes by limited cleavage of different substrates. The role of Calpain2 in embryogenesis is not clear with ...

    • Article  

      Commitment to erythroid differentiation in mouse erythroleukemia cells is controlled by alterations in topoisomerase IIα phosphorylation 

      Constantinou, Andreas I.; Vaughan, A. T. M.; Yamasaki, H.; Kamath, N. (1996)
      To explore the program of cell differentiation in Friend murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells, we used three clonal variants: phorbol 12- myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-hypersensitive TS-19-101, PMA-resistant TR19-9, and ...

    • Article  

      Composition and histone substrates of polycomb repressive group complexes change during cellular differentiation 

      Kuzmichev, A.; Margueron, R.; Vaquero, A.; Preissner, T. S.; Scher, M.; Kirmizis, Antonis; Ouyang, X.; Brockdorff, N.; Abate-Shen, C.; Farnham, P.; Reinberg, D. (2005)
      Changes in the substrate specificities of factors that irreversibly modify the histone components of chromatin are expected to have a profound effect on gene expression through epigenetics. Ezh2 is a histone-lysine ...

    • Article  

      Detection of the His-heme Fe2+-NO species in the reduction of NO to N2O by ba3-oxidase from thermus thermophilus 

      Pinakoulaki, Eftychia; Ohta, T.; Soulimane, T.; Kitagawa, T.; Varotsis, Constantinos (2005)
      Reaction pathways in the enzymatic formation and cleavage of the N-N and N-O bonds, respectively, are difficult to verify without the structure of the intermediates, but we now have such information on the heme a3 2+-NO ...

    • Article  

      Flavonoids as DNA topoisomerase antagonists and poisons: Structure-activity relationships 

      Constantinou, Andreas I.; Mehta, R.; Runyan, C.; Rao, K.; Vaughan, A.; Moon, R. (1995)
      Selected flavonoids were tested for their ability to inhibit the catalytic activity of DNA topoisomerase (topo) I and II. Myricetin, quercetin, fisetin, and morin were found to inhibit both enzymes, while phloretin, ...

    • Article  

      Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and step-scan time-resolved FTIR spectroscopies reveal a unique active site in cytochrome caa3 oxidase from Thermus thermophilus 

      Pinakoulaki, Eftychia; Soulimane, T.; Varotsis, Constantinos (2002)
      Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and step-scan time-resolved FTIR difference spectra are reported for the [carbonmonoxy]cytochrome caa3 from Thermus thermophilus. A major C-O mode of heme a3 at 1958 cm-1 and two minor ...

    • Article  

      Histone H3 tail clipping regulates gene expression 

      Santos-Rosa, H.; Kirmizis, Antonis; Nelson, C.; Bartke, T.; Saksouk, N.; Cote, J.; Kouzarides, T. (2009)
      Induction of gene expression in yeast and human cells involves changes in the histone modifications associated with promoters. Here we identify a histone H3 endopeptidase activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that may ...

    • Article  

      HIV-1 integrase: From biology to chemotherapeutics 

      Zeinalipour-Loizidou, E.; Nicolaou, Charalambos P.; Nicolaïdes, Andrew N.; Kostrikis, Leontios G. (2007)
      AIDS has claimed the lives of 25 million people worldwide, an additional 40 million people are HIV-infected and new cases are being diagnosed every year. Despite the fact that HAART has moved AIDS from the category of ...

    • Article  

      HIV-1 integrase: From biology to chemotherapeuticsAAA 

      Zeinalipour-Loizidou, E.; Nicolaou, Charalambos P.; Nicolaïdes, Andrew N.; Kostrikis, Leontios G. (2007)
      AIDS has claimed the lives of 25 million people worldwide, an additional 40 million people are HIV-infected and new cases are being diagnosed every year. Despite the fact that HAART has moved AIDS from the category of ...

    • Article  

      Identification of a series of novel derivatives as potent HCV inhibitors by a ligand-based virtual screening optimized procedure 

      Melagraki, G.; Afantitis, Antreas; Sarimveis, H.; Koutentis, Panayiotis Andreas; Markopoulos, J.; Igglessi-Markopoulou, O. (2007)
      This paper presents the results of a ligand-based virtual screening optimized procedure on 98 compounds which have been recently evaluated as inhibitors of genotype 1 HCV polymerase. First, quantitative structure-activity ...

    • Article  

      Imaging morphogenesis, in Xenopus with Quantum Dot nanocrystals 

      Stylianou, Panayiota; Skourides, Paris A. (2009)
      Mesoderm migration is a well studied morphogenetic movement that takes place during Xenopus gastrulation. The study of mesoderm migration and other morphogenetic movements has been primarily based on in vitro assays due ...

    • Article  

      Implications of HIV-1 M group polymorphisms on integrase inhibitor efficacy and resistance: Genetic and structural in silico analyses 

      Loizidou, Eriketi Z.; Kousiappa, Ioanna; Zeinalipour-Yazdi, Constantinos D.; Van De Vijver, D. A. M. C.; Kostrikis, Leontios G. (2009)
      The extensive polymorphisms among HIV-1 subtypes have been implicated in drug resistance development. Integrase inhibitors represent the latest addition to the treatment of HIV-1, and their efficacy and resistance patterns ...

    • Article  

      Implications of HIV-1 M group polymorphisms on integrase inhibitor efficacy and resistance: Genetic and structural in silico analyses 

      Loizidou, Eriketi Z.; Kousiappa, Ioanna; Zeinalipour-Yazdi, Constantinos D.; Van De Vijver, D. A. M. C.; Kostrikis, Leontios G. (2009)
      The extensive polymorphisms among HIV-1 subtypes have been implicated in drug resistance development. Integrase inhibitors represent the latest addition to the treatment of HIV-1, and their efficacy and resistance patterns ...

    • Article  

      Induction of DNA damage and caspase-independent programmed cell death by vitamin e 

      Constantinou, Constantina; Neophytou, Christiana M.; Vraka, Panayiota S.; Hyatt, John Anthony; Papas, Konstantinos A.; Constantinou, Andreas I. (2012)
      Vitamin E comprises 8 functionally unique isoforms and may be a suitable candidate for the adjuvant treatment of prostate cancer. In this study, we examined the ability of 2 vitamin E isoforms [α-tocotrienol (γ-TT) and ...

    • Article  

      Inhibition of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary tumors in rats by the soybean isoflavones 

      Constantinou, Andreas I.; Mehta, R. G.; Vaughan, A. (1996)
      Soy-based diets, rich in the isoflavones genistein and daidzein, are thought to protect against breast and prostate cancer. Soy-based diets, rich in the isoflavones genistein and daidzein, are thought to protect against ...

    • Article  

      Inhibition of topoisomerase IIα activity in CHO K1 cells by 2- [(aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol (WR-1065) 

      Grdina, D. J.; Constantinou, Andreas I.; Shigematsu, N.; Murley, J. S. (1994)
      The aminothiol 2-[(aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol (WR-1065) is the active thiol of the clinically studied radioprotective agent S-2-(3- aminopropylamino)ethylphosphorothioic acid (WR-2721). WR-1065 is an effective radiation ...

    • Article  

      N-alpha-terminal Acetylation of Histone H4 Regulates Arginine Methylation and Ribosomal DNA Silencing 

      Schiza, V.; Molina-Serrano, D.; Kyriakou, DImitris; Hadjiantoniou, A.; Kirmizis, Antonis (2013)
      Post-translational modifications of histones play a key role in DNA-based processes, like transcription, by modulating chromatin structure. N-terminal acetylation is unique among the numerous histone modifications because ...

    • Article  

      A novel use for the comet assay: Detection of topoisomerase II inhibitors 

      Salti, G. I.; Das Gupta, T. K.; Constantinou, Andreas I. (2000)
      Background: The simple and quick comet assay can quantitatively detect DNA cleavage in cells. This study aimed to determine whether the comet assay could be used to detect topoisomerase (topo) II inhibitors. Materials and ...

    • Article  

      Novobiocin- and Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced Differentiation of Human Leukemia Cells Associated with a Reduction in Topoisomerase II Activity 

      Constantinou, Andreas I.; Henning-Chubb, C.; Huberman, E. (1989)
      Studies were conducted to determine the possible involvement of DNA topoisomerase II (Topo II) in the induction of differentiation in two human promyelocytic HL-60 leukemia cell variants that are either susceptible or ...

    • Article  

      The origin of the Fe IV = O intermediates in cytochrome aa 3 oxidase 

      Pinakoulaki, Eftychia; Daskalakis, Vangelis; Varotsis, Constantinos (2012)
      The dioxygen reduction mechanism in cytochrome oxidases relies on proton control of the electron transfer events that drive the process. Proton delivery and proton channels in the protein that are relevant to substrate ...

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