Is the combination of 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid effective in advanced gastric carcinoma? Results of a pilot study and review of the literature

Abstract

The main purpose of this trial was to investigate the activity of a less toxic regimen in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma regarding response rate and survival. We report on a pilot study of 20 patients treated with the combination of 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid. 5-fluorouracil administered at a daily dose of 450 mg/m2 followed by folinic acid 200 mg/m2 for four consecutive days every four weeks. The overall response rate was 15% with one complete and two partial responders. The median duration of response was 11, 10 and 10 months respectively. The median survival of all patients was 9 months. Toxicity was mild and consisted primarily of diarrhea. Stomatitis and myelosuppression occurred rarely. In conclusion, the combination of 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid has moderate activity in gastric cancer, while median survival appears similar to the other more intensive regimens. The combination is very well tolerated with minimal toxicity. A detailed review of the literature regarding the effectiveness of the above regimens on response rate, overall survival and toxicity is also presented.