Adıyaman is a town in present-day southeastern Turkey, in the Euphrates basin south of and beneath the Taurus range, located on the site of the ancient settlement of Pordonnium (Lat.), which probably betrays a local name ...

Ağrı is a province (il) in present-day eastern Turkey, near the border with Iran and south of the plain of Kars. It consists primarily of a fertile plain (alt. c. 1,800 metres) surrounded by mountain slopes. In the Islamic ...

Arapkir (Ott. ʿArapkīr, ʿArapgīr) is a town in present-day eastern Turkey, west of the Upper Euphrates gorge in the Anti-Taurus mountains. From the late Middle Ages until the nineteenth century, the original town lay on ...

Ardahan is a town in the northeast of present-day Turkey, near the border with the Republic of Armenia. It lies on a rolling plain, at an altitude of about 1,900 metres. The town was the centre of an area known as Artani, ...

The Armenians in the period 1100–1895 lived—except for the period of Mongol domination and under the minor aristocrats of northeastern Armenia—under Turkish rule before the Ottoman expansion into Armenia (during the first ...

Münevver Ayaşlı (1906–99) was a conservative writer of essays, memoirs, and autobiographical novels, with Islamic mysticist and Turkist tendencies. Born in Thessaloniki, she lived as a child in various parts of the Ottoman ...