Mathematical Creativity: Product, Person, Process and Press

Abstract

In this chapter we provide an overview of the state-of-the-art in mathematical creativity. To do so, we will use as a road map the 4Ps theory proposed by Rhodes in which four strands are used to capture the definition of creativity. In particular, (1) product: the communication of a unique, novel and useful idea or concept

(2) person: cognitive abilities, personality traits and biographical experiences

(3) process: the methodology that produces a creative product

and (4) press: the environment where creative ideas are produced. In this chapter we will first discuss the four strands in the framework of general creativity and then transfer and adapt these considerations to the field of mathematics education. In an attempt to define and describe mathematical creativity we will present several examples drawn from various research studies, and highlight some of the main findings, hoping to offer a springboard for further developments. We suggest that although these strands can be studied in isolation, it is only when their overlap and interconnections are considered that we may get a clearer picture of the complex concept of creativity.