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dc.contributor.authorBaron-Cohen, Simonen
dc.contributor.authorLombardo, Michael V.en
dc.contributor.authorAuyeung, Bonnieen
dc.contributor.authorAshwin, Emmaen
dc.contributor.authorChakrabarti, B.en
dc.contributor.authorKnickmeyer, Rebeccaen
dc.creatorBaron-Cohen, Simonen
dc.creatorLombardo, Michael V.en
dc.creatorAuyeung, Bonnieen
dc.creatorAshwin, Emmaen
dc.creatorChakrabarti, B.en
dc.creatorKnickmeyer, Rebeccaen
dc.date.accessioned2017-07-27T10:21:15Z
dc.date.available2017-07-27T10:21:15Z
dc.date.issued2014
dc.identifier.urihttps://gnosis.library.ucy.ac.cy/handle/7/36976
dc.description.abstractAutism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) are much more common in males, a bias that may offer clues to the etiology of this condition. We argue that it occurs because ASC are an extreme manifestation of the male brain. The extreme male brain (EMB) theory, first proposed in 1997, is an extension of the Empathizing-Systemizing (E-S) theory of typical sex differences that proposes that females on average have a stronger drive to empathize while males on average have a stronger drive to systemize. In this chapter, we describe some of the evidence relating to the EMB theory of ASC and consider how typical sex differences in brain structure may be relevant to ASC. One possible biological mechanism to account for the male bias is the effect of fetal testosterone (fT). The weight of evidence in favor of the fT theory is growing from converging sources (longitudinal studies from gestation to age 10 years old based on fT in amniotic fluid, current hormone studies, and genetic association studies of SNPs in genes involved in the sex steroid biosynthetic pathways). The strong test of the fT theory will come from the large collaborative study with the Danish biobank that is adequately powered to test if fT and the related fetal steroids in the ?4 pathway are elevated in children who go on to develop ASC. © 2014 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved.en
dc.sourceFrontiers in Autism Research: New Horizons for Diagnosis and Treatmenten
dc.source.urihttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84969668293&doi=10.1142%2f9789814602167_0018&partnerID=40&md5=49b9129fc6aacaa1a1d146490ff8cff5
dc.subjectAmniotic fluiden
dc.subjectEmphatizing-systemizing (e-s) theoryen
dc.subjectExtreme male brain (emb) theoryen
dc.subjectFetal androgensen
dc.subjectFetal testosteroneen
dc.subjectSex biasen
dc.subjectSex hormonesen
dc.subjectSex steriod biosynthetic pathwaysen
dc.subjectSexual dimorphism in human brainen
dc.titleWhy is autism more common in males?en
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bookChapter
dc.identifier.doi10.1142/9789814602167_0018
dc.description.startingpage451
dc.description.endingpage470
dc.author.facultyΣχολή Κοινωνικών Επιστημών και Επιστημών Αγωγής / Faculty of Social Sciences and Education
dc.author.departmentΤμήμα Ψυχολογίας / Department of Psychology
dc.type.uhtypeBook Chapteren
dc.description.notesExport Date: 17 July 2017en
dc.contributor.orcidLombardo, Michael V. [0000-0001-6780-8619]
dc.gnosis.orcid0000-0001-6780-8619


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