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dc.contributor.authorKamposioras, K.en
dc.contributor.authorPentheroudakis, Georgeen
dc.contributor.authorPavlidis, Nicholasen
dc.creatorKamposioras, K.en
dc.creatorPentheroudakis, Georgeen
dc.creatorPavlidis, Nicholasen
dc.date.accessioned2018-06-22T09:53:44Z
dc.date.available2018-06-22T09:53:44Z
dc.date.issued2013
dc.identifier.urihttps://gnosis.library.ucy.ac.cy/handle/7/41992
dc.description.abstractBackground: Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) ranks among the ten most common malignancies worldwide. Cancer of unknown primary presents as disseminated disease, has a dismal prognosis and remains a diagnosis of exclusion. The natural history and biology of the disease is poorly understood, and efforts are focused on identifying the specific 'CUP signature'. Materials and methods: We collected and analysed all published research in the biology of CUP from 1974 till present (Medline, Embase, ASCO and ESMO Congresses). Results: Current scientific evidence suggests that aneuploidy and karyotype changes are frequent, while more subtle molecular aberrations, such as epidermal growth factor receptor family proteins, cKit/PDGFR are frequently overexpressed, although without prognostic significance. Loss of function of tumour suppressor genes, active angiogenesis, a hypoxic genetic programme and a mesenchymal transitory phenotype have been reported in CUP and may be indicative of unfavourable prognosis. Molecular pathway analyses have identified various biomolecules impacting on survival (pAKT, pMAPK, c-Met, p21 and pPRS6). Finally, circulating tumour cells have recently been reported as a frequent phenomenon in CUP. Conclusions: Overall, advances in understanding CUP biology have been weak and the application of gene expression profiling failed to identify an as yet elusive 'CUP molecular signature'. MicroRNA, epigenetic and proteomic studies are warranted to better characterize the biological profile of CUP and unravel its mystery. © 2013 Stichting European Society for Clinical Investigation Journal Foundation.en
dc.language.isoengen
dc.sourceEuropean journal of clinical investigationen
dc.subjectGrowthen
dc.subjectHumanen
dc.subjectNeoplasmsen
dc.subjectHumansen
dc.subjectCancer survivalen
dc.subjectPriority journalen
dc.subjectPrognosisen
dc.subjectReviewen
dc.subjectMetastasisen
dc.subjectCancer prognosisen
dc.subjectProtein expressionen
dc.subjectCell proliferationen
dc.subjectProtein p53en
dc.subjectGenesen
dc.subjectTumor suppressoren
dc.subjectOncogeneen
dc.subjectSurvival timeen
dc.subjectGelatinase aen
dc.subjectGelatinase ben
dc.subjectSignal transductionen
dc.subjectEpidermal growth factor receptoren
dc.subjectBiologicalen
dc.subjectTumor markersen
dc.subjectCancer of unknown primary siteen
dc.subjectUnknown primaryen
dc.subjectAngiogenesisen
dc.subjectVimentinen
dc.subjectPhenotypeen
dc.subjectMicrornaen
dc.subjectGene expression profilingen
dc.subjectCell deathen
dc.subjectGene mutationen
dc.subjectCancer of unknown primaryen
dc.subjectGene overexpressionen
dc.subjectPlatelet derived growth factor receptoren
dc.subjectEpidermal growth factor receptor 2en
dc.subjectCyclin d1en
dc.subjectProtein p21en
dc.subjectMetastasesen
dc.subjectAneuploidyen
dc.subjectBiologyen
dc.subjectCancer stem cellen
dc.subjectCell growthen
dc.subjectCell invasionen
dc.subjectCell metabolismen
dc.subjectCell migrationen
dc.subjectChromosomal instabilityen
dc.subjectChromosome aberrationen
dc.subjectCirculating tumor cellen
dc.subjectEnzyme activityen
dc.subjectGene functionen
dc.subjectGrowth factor receptoren
dc.subjectHypoxiaen
dc.subjectHypoxia inducible factoren
dc.subjectKaryotypeen
dc.subjectMicrornasen
dc.subjectMolecular biologyen
dc.subjectMononuclear cellen
dc.subjectNerve cell adhesion moleculeen
dc.subjectOncogene c kiten
dc.subjectPrimary tumoren
dc.subjectScatter factoren
dc.subjectTissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1en
dc.subjectTranscription factor snailen
dc.subjectTumor suppressor geneen
dc.subjectTumour regressionen
dc.subjectUvomorulinen
dc.titleExploring the biology of cancer of unknown primary: Breakthroughs and drawbacksen
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/eci.12062
dc.description.volume43
dc.description.issue5
dc.description.startingpage491
dc.description.endingpage500
dc.author.facultyΙατρική Σχολή / Medical School
dc.author.departmentΙατρική Σχολή / Medical School
dc.type.uhtypeArticleen
dc.contributor.orcidPavlidis, Nicholas [0000-0002-2195-9961]
dc.contributor.orcidPentheroudakis, George [0000-0002-6632-2462]
dc.gnosis.orcid0000-0002-2195-9961
dc.gnosis.orcid0000-0002-6632-2462


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